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4G History
To understand 4G, we need to know about 3G. So how did 3G start? The idea didn’t come from network operators, but from device manufactures. In 1996 Nippon Telephone & Telegraph (NTT) and Ericsson started development of 3G; then in 1997 in the USA the TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) chose CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) as a technology for 3G; and then in 1998 the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) also chose CDMA; in the end, in 1998 wideband CDMA or W-CDMA and cdma2000 were decided for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).The two major radio standards used for 3G are W-CDMA (wideband code division multiple access), and CDMA2000. W-CDMA is used in Europe, where CDMA2000 is used in the USA. In CDMA, one signal carries the data, this is then multiplied with a signal with a faster rate, that his more bandwidth, it uses TDM (Time Division Multiplexing). CDMA200 uses CDM (common code division multiplexing).
Now we need to discuss the different access technologies, these are FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.
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